Porter M. Cherry, M. Paramedic Level Emergency Responders or Intermediate level responders training to enter into Paramedic. Product Type: Physical Product.
Account Sign In. Bledsoe , Robert S. Porter , Richard A. Cherry Pub. Date: Mar 14, by Pearson. Copyright: Edition: 3rd. About Description Table of Contents. List the objectives that form the basis of each chapter, in addition to the page s on which each objective is covered. Bicarbonate buffer system 2. Respiration 3. Anything with a ph between 7.
What is 1 of the 4 Acid base derangements. Respiratory acidosis 2. Respiratory alkalosis 3. Metabolic acidosis 4. Metabolic alkalosis. Acidity caused by abnormal retention of carbon dioxide resulting from impaired ventilation.
Respiratory Acidosis. Alkalinity caused by excessive elimination of carbon dioxide resulting from increased respirations. Respiratory Alkalosis. Acidity caused by an increase in acid, often because of increased production of acids during metabolism or from causes such as vomiting, diarrhea, diabetes, or medication. Metabolic Acidosis. Alkalinity caused by an increase in plasma bicarbonate resulting from causes including diuresis, vomiting, or ingestion of too much sodium bicarbonate.
Metabolic Alkolosis. An agent that increases urine secretion and elimination of body water. Every human cell contains 46 chromosomes 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 chromosomes from the father results in the total of 46 chromosomes. Causative Analysis of Disease Clinical factors are. Host 2. Agent 3. Environment see page for more info. Causative Analysis of Disease Epidemiological factors are. Incidence 2. Prevalence 3. Mortality see page for more info.
Many disease processes have a genetic cause. All body cells require a constant supply of oxygen and other nutrients. The supplying of oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues as a result of the constant passage of blood through the capillaries. Inadequate perfusion of the body tissues, resulting in an inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues.
Hypoperfusion Also refered to as "shock". Another term for hypoperfusion. The amount of blood ejected by the heart in one contraction.
Stroke volume. The amount of blood delivered to the heart during diastole when the heart fills with blood between contractions. Preload In cardiac physiology, defined as the tension of cardiac muscle fiber at the end of diastole.
The venous system is a capacitance or storage system. The strength of a contraction of the heart. Cardiac contractile force. Epinephrine and norepinephrine, hormones that strongly affect the nervous and cardiovascular systems, metabolic rate, temperature, and smooth muscle. Catecholamines Page Catecholamines enhance cardiac contractile strength by action on the beta-adrenergic receptors on the surface of the cells. The resistance a contraction of the heart must overcome in order to eject blood.
Afterload In cardiac physiology defined as the tension of cardiac muscle during systole contraction. The amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute. Cardiac output computed as stroke volume x heart rate. The resistance of the vessels to the flow of blood increased when the vessels constrict, decreased when the vessels relax.
Peripheral vascular resistance. Three components of the circulatory system are:. Peptide hormones synthesized by the heart, brain, and other organs with effects that include excretion of large amounts of sodium in the urine and dilation of the blood vessels.
Natriuretic peptides NPs. What are the two major functions of perfusion. Oxygen transport 2. Waste removal. What does PCo2 stand for. Partial pressure of oxygen. The following is a set of conditions known as what? Adequate concentration of inspired oxygen 2.
Adequate number of red blood cells to carry the oxygen 4. Proper tissue perfusion 5. Efficient off loading of oxygen at the tissue level. The Flick principle see page Review the content review on Physiological classifications of shcok.
Click here to continue. The second stage of metabloism, requiring the presence of oxygen, in which the breakdown of glucose in a process called the Krebs or citric acid cycle yeilds a high amount of energy. Aerobic metabolism Aerobic means with oxygen. The first stage of metabloism, which does not require oxygen, in which the breakdown of glucose in a process called glycolsis produces pyruvic acid and yields very little energy.
Anaerobic metabloism Anaerobic means without oxygen. Cellular death will ultimately lead to tissue death, death to organ failure and organ failure to death of the individual. The three stages of shock are. Compensated 2. Decompensated progressive 3. Early stage of shock during which the body's compensatory mechanisms are able to maintain normal perfusion. Compensated shock. Advanced stages of shock when the body's compensatory mechanisms are no longer able to maintain normal perfusion.
Decompensated shock Also called "Progressive shock". Shock that has progressed so far that no medical intervention can reverse the condition and death is inevitable. Irreversible shock. What is one type of Shock? Cardiogenic 2. Hpovolemic 3. Neurogenic 4. Anaphylactic 5. Name the five infectious agents. Bacteria 2.
Fungi 4. Parasites 5. They bind the cells of a host organism to obtain food and support. Virus Virsuses invade adn live inside the cells of organism they infect. Anatomic barriers. Inflammatory response Immune response. Three Lines of Defense. Immune response. Name one of the three Immune Classifications. Natural vs. Acquired Primary vs. Secondary Humoral vs. Cell Mediated. B lymphocytes. T lymphocytes. Haptens Page Antigens the body recognizes as self or non-self; present on all body cells except the red blood cells.
HLA antigens Page A group of genes on chromosome 6 that provide the genetic code for HLA antigens. Major histocompatibility complex MHC. A group of antigens discovered on the red blood cells of rheus monkeys that is also present to some extent in humans.
Rh blood group. An antigen in the rh blood group that is also known as antigen D. Rh factor. What percentage of north americans have the rh factor. What percentage of north americans do not have the rh factor. Rh positive and rh negitive blood are incompatible and a severe immune response can occur; this can also occur through a transfusion or childbirth mother to infant.
Four blood groups formed by the presence or absence of two antigens known as A and B. ABO Blood groups. What type of blood qualifies as a universal donor? Type O This type has no antigens to trigger an immune response. Known as universal recipients this blood type have both type of antigens and will not produce antibodies in response to any other blood group.
Type AB blood. Undifferentiated cells in the bone marrow from which all blood cells, including thrombocytes, erythrocytes, and various types of leukocytes, develop. Stem cells Stem cells are also called hemocytoblasts. The development by B lymphocyte precursors in the bone marrow, of receptors for every possible type of antigen.
Clonal selection. Cells produced by mature B lymphoctes that "remember" the activating antigen and will trigger a stronger and swifter immune response if reexposure to the antigen occurs.
Memory cells. Antibodies are secreted by plasma cells in response to antigenic stimulation Page The substance formed when an antibody combines with an antigen to deactivaate or destroy it. Antigen-antibody complex Also called immune complex. What is 1 of the 4 functions of antibodies?
Neutralization of Bacterial toxins 2. Neutralization of viruses 3. Opsonization of bacteria 4. Activation of inflamatory processes Page Name 1 of the 5 classes of Immunoglobulins.
Review Questions. Media Resources. Also, provides links to other topicspecific websites. Case Study. Draws students into the reading and creates a link between the text content and real-life situations and experiences.
You Make the Call. Promotes critical thinking by requiring students to apply principles to actual practice. Procedure Scans. Provide step-by-step visual support on how to perform skills. Patient Care Algorithms. Patho Pearls. Offer a snapshot of pathological considerations students will encounter in the field. Save more by becoming a member. Chapter Objectives with Page References. List the objectives that form the basis of each chapter, in addition to the page s on which.
Key Points. Help students identify and learn fundamental points. Key Terms. Located in margins near the paragraphs in which they first appear, these help students master new terminology. Content Review. Summarizes important content, giving students a format for quick review. Tables and Illustrations.
Provide visual support to enhance understanding. Provides students with a concise review of important chapter information.
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